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The two diving skill sets every passionate diver should consider
This post about skill sets is for serious divers who are truly passionate about diving all that this world has to offer, every ocean, every lake, every river. If that’s not you, then read no further!
The world is your oyster!
To me, any body of water is diveable given the right skills and logistics, it’s just a matter of whether it’s worth your time or curiosity.
My endless curiosity has always made me wonder what’s just a little deeper, just around the corner, underneath the surface.
Over time, I’ve built up a set of skills that I think truly allows me to look at any body of water on earth and think seriously about diving it.
All the time in the world
The first limitation in diving is one of time.
No decompression time limits and gas volumes limit most divers to about an hour on each recreational dive.
However, with technical diving, these limitations are made irrelevant with the appropriate logistics and skills.
In a technical diving course, you’ll learn how to manage different gas mixes, allowing for deeper dives and extensions of bottom time.
You would also learn how to calculate the decompression time and gas necessary to accomplish this.
Once you have the ability to dive with multiple tanks, then gas volumes also become irrelevant.
It just comes down to how many tanks you can carry or stage during your dive. It becomes a question of logistics.
Technical diving isn’t only about depth, but rather about decompression.
This can be calculated for a 2-hour dive at 25m, or a 1-hour dive at 75m.
Either way, doing a technical diving course allows you to go past recreational depths and time limits, whilst ensuring that you have the knowledge to plan enough bottom gas and deco gas to complete the dive.
It’s only cold in space
After getting technical diving skills, the next limitation most people face is the temperature.
Extended duration dives tend to suck the warmth from you, even in 28C water.
Warm water diving is actually limited to only a few degrees of latitude north and south of the Equator, and only tens of meters below the surface.
Once past the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, and you’re definitely in cold water country.
This leaves large areas of water that you’ll definitely need a drysuit to dive in.
Why limit yourself to Earth’s wonders that are only in warmer locales?
What about diving between continental plates in Iceland, or the wrecks of the North Sea?
So, the next most important skill set is learning how to dive with a drysuit.
This does take some time to get used to, as managing thick undergarments is no walk in the park.
But once you do, then all the wonders of the northern and southern latitudes will open themselves up to you, as well as longer dives in warmer waters.
Get wet anywhere!
With these two skillsets, I truly believe it enables divers to dive anywhere in the world you might want to.
Overcoming depth, time and temperature limits are not easy and will take some time to accomplish.
But just imagine knowing you can dive anywhere in the world. What a rush!
Bonus skill – getting in over your head
As a bonus, here’s the third set of skills that I think a true explorer should learn – cave diving, the last frontier.
I personally learned cave diving not because of the caves, but rather for the skills and knowledge of how to do dives in overhead environments.
These skills come in very handy when diving in wrecks, sea caves, or any kind of environment where you don’t have a direct ascent to the surface.
The true skill here is in learning how to better plan and manage your gas supply to guarantee that you and your teammates can safely ascend to the surface.
Another important skill set that cave diving teaches you is line management.
This is very useful in any survey or mapping exercise and keeps you on your toes as far as navigation is concerned.
Now, get out there and dive!
And there you have it, my three picks for the skill sets that you should consider to be a limitless diver!
When should I use a reef hook?
Umm, how about never?
Reef hooks… Such a pet peeve of mine…
It’s hard to agree with the general idea of reef hooks in the first place if you are concerned about the health of a reef, but some people swear by it!
How strong the current is, is the wrong question
Any sign of a strong current and divers start to bring out their reef hooks. Sigh…
I think that’s the wrong question though, not all current is strong enough that you need to hook onto a reef.
Where are you going, is the correct question
It’s more important to have an idea of why you are staying in place and not drifting with the current.
Some sites, like shark watching or manta cleaning stations, require you to stay in one position while you’re watching the show, so that you don’t drift forward and interrupt the animals.
However, I think that’s putting a band-aid on the symptom and not solving the real problem of why people can’t hold their position in the water.
Is it any wonder that Makassar Reef in Komodo (mantas) and Monad Shoal near Malapascua (thresher sharks) are full of coral rubble, and there’s barely a reef left?
Kick you must, or drift you shall
In places like these, I’ve found that the current is never strong enough that you can’t really kick against it.
If the current was really that strong, the animals wouldn’t be able to stop and hover at the cleaning stations either.
Learning to kick efficiently and maintaining a streamlined trim position is the correct solution.
Rather than relying on tools like reef hooks and pointers to hold your position.
Patience you must have, my young padawan
As divers, we should be patient when at these cleaning stations.
Observe what we came to observe, and leave when the time is right.
After all, how long do you really need to see a manta be cleaned?
Be like the water, and flow
In certain cases, sure, the current can be stronger than you can handle.
In those situations, I would recommend just putting a finger down on a rock or the sand.
It’s much less intrusive and damaging than a piece of metal that doesn’t have any feelings.
You’ve no idea how many times I’ve seen a reef hook dragging through a reef like a plow through wet mud.
I’ve even seen a metal pointer get broken in half because it was stabbed hard on a rock.
I shudder to think how many other corals died along the way.
Once it’s time to go, then be like the water, and flow.
Drift on, my friend…
The Path to Conservation
Speech on Reef Building projects by Livingseas at the ADEX 2017 Scuba360 Business Forum
A speech was given by Leon Boey to attendees of the Scuba360 Business Forum organized by the Blue Ocean Network at ADEX 2017 (7th April 2017).
He talks about the reef building projects Livingseas Asia has done previously.
He also highlights the current state of dive education and how it relates to marine conservation, finishing off with the things that dive operators and instructors can do to improve.
*Some images from the internet used without permission! Sorry about that!
Should I set up my own gear or trust the resort to do it for me?
Sadly, the current state of the South East Asian dive industry has devolved into operators who pander to their divers every need. Setting up equipment before the dives, changing tanks between dives, and even putting on fins for their customers.
Some divers have come to expect this level of ‘service’ and being spoilt with this lazy way of diving, have forgotten completely how to set their gear up themselves.
I am personally against this, and will not allow it in the operations that we have. It’s not that we can’t do it, but a matter of principle.
Who’s really responsible for your safety?
If divers can’t take personal responsibility for their own safety, then who is really at fault when an incident occurs?
The scuba equipment that we use is critical to keeping us alive underwater. If we don’t even understand how it works, then if and when something does happen underwater, does that diver know how to react and how to deal with that situation?
Should we be faulting the operations at which these incidents occur?
Or should we be faulting their Open Water instructors for not training these divers well?
Or is it the diver, who gets complacent and fails to check their equipment prior to getting in the water?
The practice of signing liability forms and waiver forms before any dive doesn’t negate the responsibility that operators have in keeping divers safe.
However, when we continue to produce divers who can’t even remember how to set up their gear, who is really at fault?
Blame, blame, everywhere blame
This is a chicken and egg situation, and I’m afraid passing the blame from one party to another is not going to change anything.
Ultimately, individual divers should and must have responsibility for their own safety.
Dive operators are there to provide the logistics for diving, and to provide a safety briefing of the common local conditions found at that location.
Divers should take primary responsibility for their own safety, and not rely entirely on a dive guide or Divemaster.
If a dive is risky, or uncertain, divers should not be afraid to speak up and ask questions, rather than just trust that everything is under control and follow blindly.
It’s not just about setting up equipment, is it?
I know this question is about equipment setup, and maybe some people will think that it’s not a big deal, but to be honest, I think it’s not just about equipment setup. This leads to other skills and knowledge that most divers take for granted.
Personally, I do think that this is symptomatic of a larger problem in the diving industry.
As individual divers, always look to get better training, even if you think you already have the relevant certification, as no two dives are ever the same.
We never know what Mother Nature is ready to serve up to us, so all we can do is to be as prepared as we can be.
How is the GUE Fundamentals course different from the PADI Advanced course?
The difference between the Fundamentals course and the Advanced course is really about the curriculum and comprehensiveness of the courses.
The Advanced course offers the new diver a chance to experience 5 other types of diving environments and covers those in a relatively quick format.
The Fundamentals course instead focuses on an individual and team’s dive skills, in order to manage these new environments effectively.
Diving and Driving, an analogy that keeps on going
The Open Water course is like the basic driving course that everybody does in order to get a driving license. It covers basic techniques, such as accelerating smoothly (propulsion kicks), parking (hovering), braking (ascending smoothly to the surface) and signaling (communication).
The Advanced course would be like getting experience driving on real roads, in real conditions. For example, driving at night (night dives), at high speed on expressways (drift dives), tight car parking spaces (peak performance buoyancy), and trying to navigate while driving in another country (navigation dives).
The Fundamentals course would be more like a defensive driving course, where you’d learn how to minimize your risk (awareness and teamwork), perform pre-trip inspections (gas management, dive planning, decompression management), and handling skids, accidents, and hazards (emergency drills).
Investing in yourself is never a bad decision
While the Fundamentals course and the PADI OW and AOW are different in terms of how they approach diver training, both are absolutely necessary for any serious diver’s training log.
Only after the basics are learned, can a higher level of skill be developed.
Personally, I would always recommend investing in yourself by taking the Fundamentals course, as it takes a more detailed and focused instruction in order to attain a higher level of skill.
I do believe that both types of courses serve their purpose well, but if you truly want to be a serious diver, then the Fundamentals course is the best place to get started.
Do GUE people only dive with other GUE people?
A lot of GUE divers, upon getting certified, will want to plan a trip with other GUE divers and go diving. Whilst diving more is always a good thing, what happens when GUE divers only want to dive with other GUE divers?
The Natural Attrition rate of GUE Divers
For me, this situation is not unsurprising. Who wouldn’t want to dive with a team that has the same training, protocols and thinking as you? Why wouldn’t you want to dive with someone whom you know has your back, and can keep you safe? This is in contrast to the ‘instabuddy’, who first meets you on the boat before the dive. You have no idea the level or experience that this person has, and no way of knowing what he’s like underwater. Generally, this doesn’t inspire confidence…
If we all think that way, then what next?
However, I don’t think this is good for the industry and for GUE in general. Firstly, there’s an impression that GUE divers are elitist, making them seem unfriendly and uptight when it comes to dive parameters. Keeping to oneself and not interacting with other divers definitely doesn’t help that impression, but this sticks even though some GUE divers are well meaning and not elitist by nature.
I say help if you can!
Secondly, I feel that as more skilled divers, we have a moral obligation to help and assist others. After all, can we stand by while the environment and other divers get injured and do nothing to teach and educate them about a better way of doing things?
Most diving incidents and environmental damage are entirely preventable, through better training and an increased awareness. By seeing GUE divers lead by example, my hope is that this thinking slowly permeates through the industry, regardless of agency or affiliation. Our greatest obligation is ultimately to the environment that we’ve all grown to love as divers.
So get out there and let other divers have the benefit of your presence in the water! Let them have a safer dive, just by being there. Wouldn’t you want to do this for all your friends who dive?
Let’s lead by example!
Look Ma, no hands, knees or fins!
Swimmers who are new to diving tend to have a bad habit of using their hands to swim.
Tender hands tend to get cut on sharp coral, especially if divers are unaware of their position in the water.
Knees and fins are also commonly seen on reefs, kicking up silt and breaking delicate coral.
Getting your hands and legs under control is one of the first things new divers should concentrate on.
Get streamlined and start to look like a real diver!
When to deploy a surface marker buoy (SMB)
The answer might seem obvious, but many divers neglect to shoot the bag early, and end up surfacing a long way away from their dive location and their boat. I’ve heard many stories of divers drifting for hours because of their boat crew could not locate them. Don’t let that happen to you.
I would always consult the diving conditions when deciding when to deploy my surface marker buoy. Generally, you should shoot the bag when you are starting the ascent in a normal dive, or whenever you are leaving the reef, whichever happens earlier.
However, if the conditions are bad, such as when there’s a strong current pulling you away from the reef, then you would need to deploy your SMB as early as possible before you get swept into the open ocean. Don’t delay getting the SMB to the surface!
Consider a situation where this wasn’t the case, for example, if the diver ascended to a safety stop before deploying the SMB, or in a situation where the spool wasn’t long enough to reach the depth the diver is at.
In these situations, the time taken to ascend to a shallower depth, coupled with the current, could mean that the diver drifts far away from the dive site. Given that the boat would be waiting for the diver to ascend near or on the dive site, this could mean the boat captain will not be looking out towards the ocean where the divers eventually surface.
Needless to say, it’s much harder for the boat captain to spot divers floating in the open ocean than next to the reef. Personally, I wouldn’t take it on faith that the boat captain will always know where to look for you when you surface. Do your part as well to guarantee that he can see you!
Finally, if you’re wondering whether to use an inflated SMB throughout your dive, read this article that discusses it in depth.
GUE vs PADI: What’s the difference?
GUE and PADI are two different organizations, right? Whose certification is more recognized internationally? Which is better?
At Living Seas, we’re often asked these questions when newcomers dive with us.
Yes, GUE and PADI are two different organizations that are unrelated to each other. GUE stands for Global Underwater Explorers, and PADI stands for Professional Association of Diving Instructors.
As a certification body, PADI is more well known internationally because it has been around for a longer time. It also spends a lot on marketing. GUE is a non-profit organization with the primary goals of advancing aquatic education, conservation and exploration. That being said, GUE is widely recognized as being the best in the industry because of its emphasis on quality control and stringent standards. Increasingly more people are beginning to know about GUE, too.
The PADI certification will allow you to dive around the world (within the limits of what you’re certified for, of course). You could think of PADI as a key that grants you access to the underwater world.
Once you walk (or more literally, swim) through that door, your dive education should continue. Going through a GUE course, in my opinion, is more about the skills and the knowledge that you acquire in the process. The certification that comes with it is secondary.
That’s why Living Seas offers both PADI and GUE courses. We believe in being qualified for the diving that we do, beyond being certified to do those dives. (If you’re curious about our diving philosophy, read our earlier reflections on what it means to be an “advanced” diver and the fundamental skills all divers should have.)
For those who believe in challenging themselves to dive better, I urge you to think in terms of qualification instead of certification. Forget chasing certificates, and instead focus on being more competent and comfortable at the dives you want to do!
True competency isn’t measured by the number of certificates you have or the equipment you own. It’s gained through time spent in the water, practicing and improving.
Choosing the best surface marker buoy (SMB) for your dive
Surface marker buoys are handy for a number of occasions, whether it’s to signal your position to your boat at the end of your dive or during emergency ascents.
When you need immediate help or when someone in your dive group needs to get to the surface quickly, you’d want to be able to deploy the bag without it causing other problems or making matters worse. That’s why choosing a suitable SMB for your dive is so important.
There are three main factors a diver should consider when choosing a surface marker buoy: its size, method of inflation and the length of its line.
- What size do you need?
To be useful, the marker must be visible on the water’s surface, so it should be as large as you can manage. My emphasis is on what you can manage. You could have the largest marker on the planet, but if you can’t inflate it properly, it would simply be a limp piece of plastic floating on the surface. That certainly won’t be noticeable from a distance — unless the boat crew is consulting Google Earth.
Therefore, the size of the SMB you choose should be the largest that you can reliably fill from depth. Personally I prefer a smaller, thinner bag that will stand upright when filled with a relatively small volume of gas. I use the Halcyon 1m SMB on all my dives. This bag will fill up completely with only a single regular breath at a depth of about 10m. If you are at a shallower depth, then you’d need to blow in a larger breath of air, but it’s definitely still possible to fill up the bag quickly and send it on its way without much stress.
Now you might be wondering, what if you’re diving at sites with large waves and surge? Wouldn’t a larger (more visible) surface marker be better? In response I would ask: Is the dive worth putting yourself in such a situation? If the answer is yes, then make sure you are prepared for it with a larger surface marker.
Remember that a larger bag must be filled with a greater volume of gas in order to stand upright on the water’s surface. This means you’d need to either blow more gas into it (by exhaling or purging from the regulator) or release the bag when you are at a greater depth to allow for more gas expansion. The latter would be a good option, but the downside would be the much longer line that you would have to reel in as you ascend.
I would normally only inflate these larger surface markers once arriving on the surface and the boat is further away. The bigger marker will be easier to spot from a distance, but will also be harder to manage while underwater.
- Which method of inflation should you use?
Open circuit SMBs are some of the commonest in the market. To inflate an open circuit SMB, a diver typically purges air from his alternate air source into the bag. However, I do not recommend this method of inflation for a number of reasons.
The large amount of air purged from the alternate air source would likely cause a fairly significant and sudden buoyancy change. In an emergency or stressful situation, a sudden change in buoyancy could easily spiral out of control.
The force generated by the large volume of gas also means that the SMB will take off towards the surface really quickly. If the diver does not manage the line well, the line could get tangled with the BCD or tank, and drag you up to the surface. Nobody wants to be a human SMB!
I would always opt for the oral inflation method, because it is quicker and safer. The amount of gas that you exhale would not cause a significant buoyancy change (unless you inhale an extra-large breath of air right before). This makes the buoyancy change much more manageable. You wouldn’t need to find your alternate air source, too.
If like me, you prefer the oral inflation method, what’s left is to choose an SMB that works best with it. It’s possible to orally inflate an open circuit SMB, but due to the line being attached near where the open end of the SMB, there is a higher risk that your regulator might get caught in the SMB line or the SMB itself. Definitely not my first choice.
There are many SMBs on the market that are designed for easy and effective oral inflation. They normally have an oral inflator with a one-way valve. This, in my view, is the best one to use because it guarantees that the gas goes directly into the SMB. It’s also really easy to use. The Halcyon SMB I use does not have a locking mechanism, so you won’t need to fiddle with extra bits to inflate the bag.
- How long should the line be?
Some SMBs come with a 5m line, which means you can deploy the SMB only at the 5m safety stop. Obviously this is limiting, as you might run into other situations where you need to deploy the SMB at a greater depth. My advice: Always get a longer line that’s wound around a spool.
SMBs do not always take a straight path up towards the water’s surface, and might ascend at an angle when there is a current. As such, always make sure your SMB’s line is longer than your deepest planned depth. This means that if you are doing a 30m dive, then a 30m spool is not going to be sufficient. A 45m spool would be a better choice. I would use a 30m spool for dives to depths shallower than 25m.
In summary
My recommendation is to get a small thin SMB that you can reliably fill via oral inflation, and use a spool with an appropriate amount of line. Also, remember to practise deploying your SMB after buying one! A seasoned diver can easily get a bag deployed in less than 15 seconds, so keep practising until it becomes second nature!